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Objective To investigate the influence of high-level of glucose on the expression of ghrelin in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Methods After 12 h glucose free culturing, the effects of different concentrations of glucose and different incubation times on expressions of ghrelin were observed in HUVECs. ( 1) The cells were treated with 0, 5, 10, 15, 20 mmol/L glucose for 2 h, then ghrelin mRNA expression levels were detected by RT-PCR, and the protein levels of ghrelin were detected by ELISA. (2) The cells were treated with 10 mmol/L glucose for 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 6, 12 hours, ghrelin mRNA and protein levels were detected respectively. Results (1) The expression levels of ghrelin mRNA and protein decreased along with increased glucose concentrations, which showed no obvious changes when the glucose was above 15 mmol/L. (2) The expression levels of ghrelin mRNA and protein decreased with the prolonged incubation time. But more than 6 h culturing time showed no further effect on reducing the expression level of ghrelin. Conclusion High levels of glucose can inhibit the expression level of ghrelin, which may be one of the mechanisms of atherosclerosis.
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Objective To observe the effects of antiplatelet drugs on the incidence of no reflow,main adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCE) after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD).Methods From January 2010 to February 2011,a total of 84 CHD patients with no-reflow after PCI were selected and randomly divided into observed group and control group (n=42 each group).Patients with no/slow-reflow in observed group were injected with tirofiban through coronary artery with a guiding catheter.If invalid,patients were injected with tirofiban by catheterization again with a micro-pump continuous pumping for 24 h.Patients with no/slow reflow in control group were injected with verapamil by catheterization.If invalid,patients were injected with verapamil by catheterization again.Results The numbers of patients with Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) 3 in the first and last angiography after drug administration were much more in observed group than in control group [26 cases (61.9％) vs.17 cases (40.5％),35 cases (83.3％) vs.23 cases (54.8％),respectively,x2 =3.86,8.02,both P＜0.05].The first TIMI frame count (TFC) after drug administration was significantly lower in observed group than in control group,and the difference between groups became larger in the last TFC (t=-3.44,-12.41,both P＜0.05).The number of patients with TIMI myocardial perfusion grade (TMPG) 3 in the first and last angiography after drug administration were much more in observed group than in control group [24 cases (57.1％) vs.13 cases (31.0％),31 cases (73.8％) vs.20 cases (47.6％),respectively,x2=5.84,6.04,both P＜0.05].After 60 days of follow up,there was a significant difference in the incidence of endpoint events between observed and control group [23.8％ (10 cases) vs.52.3％ (12 cases),x2 =7.27.P＜0.01].The predisposing factors of no reflow were age,acute myocardial infarction (AMI),diabetes,hyperlipidemia and hypertension.Conclusions Tirofiban can effectively and safely reduce the incidence of no-reflow after percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with CHD.
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Objective To review the characteristics of human defensin 5 (HD 5), including molecular structure, antibacterial activity and gene expression, and to show its development prospect as a new drug in the treatment of enterogenic infection. Methods The published papers about HD 5 were reviewed to summarize its research progress. Results Being a 3-5 KDa cationic peptide rich in cysteine and arginine, especially without glycosylated side chain, HD 5 plays its antibacterial role against positive and negative Gram's bacterium, fungi, spirochete, protozoan and enveloped virus with the special active center composed of three disulfide bonds. HD 5 encoding gene alpha defensin 5 (DEFA 5) localizes at the 8th chromosome P21 pter with 449 bp, which includes five pieces of sequence: 5′ untranslated region (1-40),signal peptide (41-97), propiece (98-226), mature peptide (227-322),and Poly A (433-438).Conclusion As a broad spectrum and effective endogenous antimicrobial peptide, HD 5 would be a promising alternative peptide against enterogenic infection if the accessibility to its mass production is settled.
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Objective Abstract: Objective To study the intestinal bacterial translocation and changs in endotoxin level of portal vein blood after hepatic inflow blocking. Methods Under aseptic condition, mechanically blocking of the hepatoduodenal ligement was adopted in rabbit model, both endotoxin level of the portal blood and positive bacterial cultures in the mensenteric lymph nodes were observed at 15, 20, 30 and 60 min respectively after the blocking. Results Both endotoxin level and positive bacterial cultures increased significantly (P